Functional impairment associated with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in preschool and early school boys and girls from the general population

نویسندگان

  • Lourdes Ezpeleta
  • Núria de la Osa
  • Roser Granero
  • Esther Trepat
چکیده

Título: Deterioro funcional asociado a los síntomas del trastorno negativista desafiante en niños y niñas de 3 a 7 años de la población general. Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar si los síntomas y el diagnóstico de Trastorno Negativista Desafiante (TND), según los criterios diagnósticos DSM-IV, se asocian al mismo nivel de deterioro funcional en niños y niñas de la población general en los primeros años escolares. Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario de cribado a una muestra de 852 escolares de tres a siete años de edad. Un total de 251 familias fueron evaluadas con entrevista diagnóstica y con las medidas de deterioro funcional. Resultados: Los síntomas de TND y el diagnóstico son igualmente prevalentes en los niños y en las niñas, pero las niñas de entre 3 y 5 años presentaron una mayor prevalencia de diagnóstico subumbral de TND. No hubo diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas en el uso de servicios de salud, ni en el tratamiento recibido, ni en la carga familiar asociada a los síntomas o al diagnóstico de TND. Aunque el diagnóstico de TND no se asoció a un mayor deterioro funcional por sexo, los síntomas individuales y el diagnóstico subumbral se asociaban con mayor deterioro funcional en los niños que en las niñas. Conclusión: La “oposicionalidad” pueden estar midiendo variables diferentes en niños y en niñas, y esta posibilidad se debe tener en cuenta para identificar correctamente este problema en cada sexo. Palabras clave: Deterioro funcional; niños preescolares y escolares; sexo; trastorno negativista desafiante. Abstract: Objective: To explore whether the symptoms and diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as defined in the DSM-IV, are equally impairing for girls and boys from the general population in the early school years. Method: A sample of 852 three to seven-year-old schoolchildren were screened out for a double-phase design. A total of 251 families were assessed with a diagnostic interview and with measures of functional impairment. Results: ODD symptoms and diagnosis were equally prevalent in boys and girls, but threeto five-year-old girls had a higher prevalence of subthreshold ODD. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in the impact on use of services, treatment received and family burden associated with ODD symptoms and diagnosis. Although diagnosis of ODD was not associated with higher functional impairment by sex, individual symptoms and subthreshold diagnosis were more impairing for boys than for girls. Conclusion: Oppositionality may be measuring different things for boys and girls, and this possibility must be taken into account with a view to the correct identification of this problem in each sex.

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Sex differences in oppositional defiant disorder.

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تاریخ انتشار 2014